Albuterol

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Drugs Dictionary: Albuterol

Albuterol

Trade Name

ProAir HFA, Proventil HFA, Ventolin HFA (inhalers); generic albuterol sulfate

Classification

Beta-2 adrenergic agonist; bronchodilator (short-acting beta-agonist, SABA)

Dosage/Route

* Dosage:
- – Metered-dose inhaler (MDI): 90 mcg/puff
- – Nebulizer solution: 2.5 mg/3 mL (0.083%), 1.25 mg/3 mL, 0.63 mg/3 mL
- – Tablets: 2 mg, 4 mg (less common)
* Route: Inhalation (MDI or nebulizer); oral (PO, rare)

Usual Dosage

* Adults/Children ≥4 (MDI): 1-2 puffs (90-180 mcg) every 4-6 hours PRN
* Nebulizer: 2.5 mg (0.083%) every 4-6 hours PRN; may increase to q1-4h in acute settings
* PO (rare): 2-4 mg 3-4 times daily; max 32 mg/day
* Adjust based on response; rescue use only

Mechanism of Action

Selectively stimulates beta-2 adrenergic receptors in bronchial smooth muscle, causing relaxation and bronchodilation. Increases cyclic AMP, relieving bronchospasm and improving airflow in conditions like asthma or COPD

Side Effects & Adverse Effects

* Side Effects: Tremors, nervousness, headache, throat irritation
* Adverse Effects:
- – Tachycardia/palpitations (beta-1 crossover at high doses)
- – Hypokalemia (rare; muscle cramps, arrhythmias)
- – Paradoxical bronchospasm (worsening wheezing)
- – Overuse: Reduced efficacy, risk of severe exacerbation

Nursing Management (Implications & Teachings)

* Implications:
- – Monitor HR, respiratory status (breath sounds, O2 sat) pre/post-use
- – Assess for overuse (if >2 doses/hour or >3 times/week, escalate care)
- – MDI: Shake well, use spacer if prescribed; nebulizer: Mix with saline if diluted
- – Watch for hypokalemia in high doses (check K+ levels)
* Teachings:
- – Prime inhaler (2-4 puffs into air) if new or unused >2 weeks
- – Inhale slowly/deeply, hold breath 10 sec, wait 1 min between puffs
- – Rinse mouth after to prevent thrush (if with steroids)
- – Report fast heartbeat, worsening breathing